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John Trumbull's ''Declaration of Independence'' is a oil-on-canvas painting in the United States Capitol Rotunda that depicts the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. It was based on a much smaller version of the same scene, presently held by the Yale University Art Gallery.〔 (Yale Art Gallery page on painting. )〕 Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life and visited Independence Hall as well to depict the chamber where the Second Continental Congress met. The oil-on-canvas work was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the rotunda in 1826. The painting is sometimes incorrectly described as the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In fact, the painting actually shows the five-man drafting committee presenting their draft of the Declaration to the Congress, an event that took place on June 28, 1776, and not the signing of the document, which took place later.〔John Hazelton, The Historical Value of Trumbull's - Declaration of Independence, (The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography - Volume 31 ), (Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1907), 38.〕 The painting shows 42 of the 56 signers of the Declaration; Trumbull originally intended to include all 56 signers, but was unable to obtain likenesses for all of them. He also decided to depict several participants in the debate who did not sign the document, including John Dickinson, who declined to sign. Trumbull also had no portrait of Benjamin Harrison V to work with; son Benjamin Harrison VI was said to have resembled his father, so he was painted instead. Because the Declaration was debated and signed over a period of time when membership in Congress changed, the men in the painting had never all been in the same room at the same time. Thomas Jefferson seems to be stepping on the foot of John Adams in the painting, which many think is supposed to symbolize their relationship as political enemies. However, upon closer examination of the painting, it can be seen that their feet are merely close together. This part of the image was correctly depicted on the two-dollar bill version. ==Key to historical figures depicted in the painting== desc bottom-right rect 4 1044 38 1130 George Wythe rect 38 1026 86 1119 William Whipple rect 93 1046 139 1133 Josiah Bartlett rect 147 1055 197 1133 Thomas Lynch, Jr. rect 215 1037 293 1138 Benjamin Harrison rect 424 1049 491 1140 Richard Henry Lee rect 492 1051 533 1139 Samuel Adams rect 537 1055 582 1140 George Clinton rect 287 856 356 940 William Paca rect 366 855 417 948 Samuel Chase rect 456 886 503 960 Lewis Morris rect 506 913 549 987 William Floyd rect 575 958 619 1015 Arthur Middleton rect 601 1053 638 1108 Thomas Heyward, Jr. rect 640 1069 689 1125 Charles Carroll rect 700 1076 734 1126 George Walton rect 741 1086 787 1144 Robert Morris rect 794 1071 824 1125 Thomas Willing rect 838 1086 881 1147 Benjamin Rush rect 902 1092 942 1153 Elbridge Gerry rect 946 1087 981 1149 Robert Treat Paine rect 987 1095 1019 1151 Abraham Clark rect 816 962 850 1010 Stephen Hopkins rect 855 966 889 1019 William Ellery rect 894 965 928 1015 George Clymer rect 1064 1099 1106 1155 William Hooper rect 1114 1098 1153 1150 Joseph Hewes rect 1203 1093 1247 1148 James Wilson rect 1256 1104 1293 1153 Francis Hopkinson rect 1427 858 1510 955 John Adams rect 1519 806 1590 911 Roger Sherman rect 1592 833 1652 928 Robert Livingston rect 1719 784 1803 886 Thomas Jefferson rect 1883 850 1956 945 Benjamin Franklin rect 2095 1059 2138 1116 Richard Stockton rect 2150 1067 2187 1121 Francis Lewis rect 2192 1059 2232 1114 John Witherspoon rect 2252 1060 2292 1114 Samuel Huntington rect 2267 953 2308 1007 William Williams rect 2312 944 2355 999 Oliver Wolcott rect 2408 773 2484 875 Charles Thomson rect 2444 950 2532 1065 John Hancock rect 2659 848 2717 938 George Read rect 2719 843 2759 925 John Dickinson rect 2759 852 2814 945 Edward Rutledge rect 2914 1021 2963 1094 Thomas McKean rect 2964 1016 3644 1696 Philip Livingston rect 1 1 3000 1970 :File:Declaration independence.jpg The following key to the figures in the painting follows the numbering used by the U.S. government publication "Art of the Capitol" (in the illustration of the key shown in this section) but provides a different (hopefully clearer) description of which figure is where in the painting, so numbers are not entirely in order. Key to figures (in each group, listed from left to right): Four men seated on the far left: *1. George Wythe *2. William Whipple *3. Josiah Bartlett *5. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Seated at the table on the left: *4. Benjamin Harrison Seated together to the right of Harrison and in front of the standing figures: *6. Richard Henry Lee *7. Samuel Adams *8. George Clinton Five figures standing together on the left: *9. William Paca *10. Samuel Chase *11. Lewis Morris *12. William Floyd *13. Arthur Middleton Three seated figures in the back between the two sets of standing figures: *14. Thomas Heyward, Jr. *15. Charles Carroll *16. George Walton Set of three figures standing together in the back: *23. Stephen Hopkins (wearing a hat) *24. William Ellery *25. George Clymer Ten figures seated: *17. Robert Morris (first on the left at the table) *18. Thomas Willing *19. Benjamin Rush *20. Elbridge Gerry *21. Robert Treat Paine *22. Abraham Clark *26. William Hooper *27. Joseph Hewes *28. James Wilson *29. Francis Hopkinson Five figures standing in front: *30. John Adams *31. Roger Sherman *32. Robert R. Livingston *33. Thomas Jefferson *34. Benjamin Franklin Four background figures seated together near the right corner of the room: *35. Richard Stockton *36. Francis Lewis *37. John Witherspoon *38. Samuel Huntington Two figures standing in the right corner of the room: *39. William Williams *40. Oliver Wolcott Two foreground figures at the central table: *42. Charles Thomson (standing) *41. John Hancock (seated) Three figures standing at right: *43. George Read *44. John Dickinson *45. Edward Rutledge Two figures seated at far right: *46. Thomas McKean *47. Philip Livingston (Note: - Not a signer of the final Declaration of Independence but depicted in painting.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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